What are the causes of frozen shoulder?

Your shoulder is a ball and socket joint. The end of your upper arm bone named humerus (the ball) fits in the socket of your shoulder blade named scapula (the socket). The humerus, scapula, and the clavicle together form the bony articulation of the shoulder joint. When you raise your arm above your head, the capsule stretches fully. When you lower your arm, the capsule shrinks as a small pouch. Your shoulder joint represents a complex interplay between the bones, muscles, and ligaments. Hence, this shoulder joint is the most mobile joint of the body, which is highly prone to get injured. Moreover, frozen shoulder is one of the most common shoulder injuries.

Causes of frozen shoulder

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood. At times, it may not be possible to identify the cause.

Various risk factors lead to frozen shoulder are:

Shoulder injury – Any trauma to your shoulder
Shoulder surgery. Keeping your shoulder immobile for a prolonged period after the surgery may tighten up your shoulder capsule.
Diabetes. Around one-third of diabetic patients have a frozen shoulder. But the exact connection between diabetes and frozen shoulder is still unknown.
Lung diseases that affect your airways.
Heart disease – Here, the supply of blood to the heart gets interrupted.
Hyperthyroidism – Overactive thyroid (increase in thyroid hormone level).
Stroke - Here, the supply of blood to the brain gets interrupted.
Parkinson’s disease – This is a chronic condition which affects the way the brain coordinates all types of body movements such as talking, walking, writing, etc.
Dupuytren’s contracture – This is a type of condition where your fingers will bend into the palm. It happens due to the shortening and thickening of the tissues in the palm.

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